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Importance of myocardial ischemia detected with protocol-based measurements of high-sensitivity troponin, ECG and echocardiography in critically ill patients without acute coronary syndrome—a prospective study

  • Gloria Kotnik1
  • Miha Mežnar1
  • Maja Golmajer2
  • Gorazd Voga1
  • Matej Podbregar1,3,*,

1Department of Internal Intensive Care Medicine, General and Teaching Hospital Celje, 3000 Celje, Slovenia

2Department of Surgical Intensive care, General and Teaching Hospital Celje, 3000 Celje, Slovenia

3Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

DOI: 10.22514/sv.2021.240 Vol.18,Issue 3,May 2022 pp.81-90

Submitted: 13 August 2021 Accepted: 16 September 2021

Published: 08 May 2022

*Corresponding Author(s): Matej Podbregar E-mail: matej.podbregar@guest.arnes.si

Abstract

Elevated cardiac troponin is detected in the majority of critically ill patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of protocol-guided detection of myocardial ischemia (MI) (serial 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) measurements, and echocardiography) and compare it with a retrospective cohort with only clinically driven detection of MI. In a prospective observational study, 95 patients hospitalized ≥48 hours for reasons other than acute coronary syndrome in medical or surgical intensive-care unit (ICU) were enrolled. A protocol-based approach, with regular 12-lead ECG recordings, hsTnT measurements and admission echocardiography was conducted. All events possibly indicating MI were documented, and ECG, hsTnT, echocardiography were repeated. The protocol-based approach was compared to a retrospective group with only clinically driven detection of MI. In the prospective group, 95.8% of patients had at least one elevated hsTnT value. A hsTnT >70 ng/L was associated with the use of inotropes (OR 3.35 (95% CI: 1.184, 9.472), p = 0.022), left ventricular ejection fraction <30% (OR 9.65 (95% CI: 1.172, 76.620), p = 0.035), regional wall motion abnormalities (OR 3.87 (95% CI: 1.032, 14.533), p = 0.045), ICU mortality (OR 8.38 (95% CI: 1.004, 69.924), p = 0.0495), hospital mortality (OR 3.05 (95% CI: 1.133, 8.230), p = 0.027) and 1-year mortality (OR: 5.43 (95% CI: 2.1099, 13.971), p = 0.005). The incidence of MI was higher in the prospective, as compared to the retrospective group (22.1% vs 5.3%; p = 0.001). MI, compared to the high “hsTnT positive only” group, predicted hospital mortality (OR 3.33 (95% CI: 1.190, 9.329), p = 0.02) and 1-year mortality (OR 4.66 (95% CI: 1.647, 13.222), p = 0.0037). A protocol-based compared to a clinically driven approach for the detection of MI reveals more patients with MI. The majority of critically ill patients have elevated hsTnT levels. Detected MI additionally stratifies patients with elevated hsTnT to higher hospital and 1-year mortality.


Keywords

Critically ill; Troponin; Outcome; Mortality; ECG; Echocardiography


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Gloria Kotnik,Miha Mežnar,Maja Golmajer,Gorazd Voga,Matej Podbregar. Importance of myocardial ischemia detected with protocol-based measurements of high-sensitivity troponin, ECG and echocardiography in critically ill patients without acute coronary syndrome—a prospective study. Signa Vitae. 2022. 18(3);81-90.

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