The effect of erythropoietin on chloride levels during hypoxia reoxygenation injury in rats

Objective. This experimental study exam-ined the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) in a rat model and particularly in a hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) protocol. The effect of that molecule was studied biochemically using blood mean chloride (Cl) levels. Materials and methods. 40 rats of mean weight 247.7 g were used in the study. Cl levels were measured at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) of reoxygenation. Erythropoietin was admin-istered only in groups C and D.

Results. Epo administration non-signifi-cantly decreased Cl levels by 1.07%+0.91% (p=0.2635). Reoxygenation time non-significantly decreased Cl levels by 0.68%+0.92% (P= 0.4457). However, eryth-ropoietin administration and reoxygena-tion time together produced a non-signifi-cant combined effect in decreasing Cl levels by 0.74%+0.54% (P= 0.1701). Conclusions. Epo administration, reoxy-genation time and their interaction have non-significant, short-term, decreasing ef-fects on Cl levels.  

chloride, hypoxia, erythropoi-etin, reoxygenation  

1. Τsompos C, Panoulis C, Τοutouzas K, Triantafyllou A, Ζografos G, Papalois A. The Acute Effect of Erythropoietin on Mean Platelet Volume Levels during Hypoxia Reoxygenation Injury in Rats. Med Bull Haseki 2016;54:199-206.

2. Τsompos C, Panoulis C, Τοutouzas K, Triantafyllou A, Ζografos G, Papalois A. The Effect of Erythropoietin on Testosterone Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. ARS Medica Tomitana (In press).

3. Le LL, Li XY, Meng D, Liang QJ, Wang XH, Li N, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 mediated memorial and revivable protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013 Dec;19(12):963-8. 

4. Rehni AK, Bhateja P, Singh N. Diethyl dithiocarbamic acid, a possible nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor, attenuates ischemic postcon-ditioning-induced attenuation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009 Jan;87(1):63-8.

5. Hinkel R, El-Aouni C, Olson T, Horstkotte J, Mayer S, Müller S, et al. Thymosin beta4 is an essential paracrine factor of embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection. Circulation 2008 Apr 29;117(17):2232-40.

6. Murlasits Z, Lee Y, Powers SK. Short-term exercise does not increase ER stress protein expression in cardiac muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007 Sep;39(9):1522-8.

7. Mozaffari MS, Patel C, Ballas C, Schaffer SW. Effects of excess salt and fat intake on myocardial function and infarct size in rat. Life Sci 2006 Mar 13;78(16):1808-13.

8. Birnbaum Y, Ashitkov T, Uretsky BF, Ballinger S, Motamedi M. Reduction of infarct size by short-term pretreatment with atorvasta-tin. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2003 Jan;17(1):25-30.

9. Kadambi A, Skalak TC. Role of leukocytes and tissue-derived oxidants in short-term skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000 Feb;278(2):H435-43.

10. Tringali G, Pozzoli G, Lisi L, Navarra P. Erythropoietin inhibits basal and stimulated corticotropin-releasing hormone release from the rat hypothalamus via a nontranscriptional mechanism. Endocrinology 2007 Oct;148(10):4711-5.

11. Freudenthaler S, Benöhr P, Grenz A, Selzer T, Schmidt T, Mörike K, et al. Do alterations of endogenous angiotensin II levels regulate erythropoietin production in humans? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003 Oct;56(4):378-87.

12. Freudenthaler SM, Schreeb KH, Wiese A, Pilz J, Gleiter CH. Influence of controlled hypoxia and radical scavenging agents on eryth-ropoietin and malondialdehyde concentrations in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 2002 Mar;174(3):231-5.