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The value of ultrasonography in predicting outcomes at an early school age among individuals with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
1Department of Neonatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
2Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
3Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
4Department of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
5Department of Dental and Oral Disease, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
DOI: 10.22514/sv.2022.010 Vol.18,Issue 4,July 2022 pp.81-90
Submitted: 21 September 2021 Accepted: 09 December 2021
Published: 08 July 2022
*Corresponding Author(s): Renata Dzikiene E-mail: renata.dzikiene@lsmuni.lt
Neurosonography (NSG) is a readily available non-invasive radiological examination technique that assesses brain damage in neonates who experienced perinatal hypoxia. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injuries in full-term neonates detected during ultrasonography and mental and neuromotor development outcomes at an early school age. We evaluated 8–9-year-old children (n = 32) who had experienced hypoxia at birth with mild to moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and hadn’t undergone therapeutic hypothermia. The control group consisted of 8–9-year-old children (n = 16) who were born healthy. During the first five days of life, the newborns underwent cerebral ultrasonography. The HIE stage was evaluated according to the Sarnat and Sarnat scale. Neuromotor and neurological outcomes were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Health Utilities Index (HUI) questionnaire, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC-III, and structured neurological examination. In the case of moderate brain edema and/or thalamus and/or basal ganglion injuries along with cerebellum and brainstem (E/T/BG/C/B) injuries compared to other injuries, the following abnormalities were statistically significantly more common: hearing disorders (100%, p = 0.03), cerebellar dysfunction (60%, p = 0.02), epilepsy (60%, p = 0.01), a lower Working Memory Index (median, 82.0, p = 0.015). In case of moderate brain swelling (edema) and thalamus and/or basal ganglion (E/T/BG) injuries, the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound examination when predicting epilepsy, hearing disorders, lower full IQ, and the Perceptual Organization Index were 100%. Neurosonography helps predict the outcomes of mental and neuromotor development at an early school age in full-term neonates who experienced perinatal asphyxia/hypoxia. Moderate hypoxic-ischemic brain changes detected during ultrasonography were statistically significantly associated with hearing disorders, cerebellar dysfunction, epilepsy, and a lower Working Memory Index in children at an early school age.
Neurosonography; Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; Long-term outcomes; Early school age
Renata Dzikiene,Saulius Lukosevicius,Jurate Laurynaitiene,Vitalija Marmiene,Irena Nedzelskiene,Rasa Tameliene,Ausrele Kudreviciene. The value of ultrasonography in predicting outcomes at an early school age among individuals with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Signa Vitae. 2022. 18(4);81-90.
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