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A simplified formula for rapid dilution of catecholamines in initial emergency and critical care resuscitation

  • Alessandro Belletti1
  • Chiara Mariotti1
  • Yuki Kotani2
  • Angelo Nascimbene3,*,
  • Ashish K. Khanna4,5

1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy

2Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, 296-8602 Kamogawa, Japan

3Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA

4Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA

5Outcomes Research Consortium, Houston, TX 77030, USA

DOI: 10.22514/sv.2026.026

Submitted: 26 December 2025 Accepted: 30 March 2026

Online publish date: 25 June 2026

*Corresponding Author(s): Angelo Nascimbene E-mail: angelo.nascimbene@uth.tmc.edu

Abstract

Inotropes and vasopressors may require to be rapidly administered in emergency situations in any setting (pre-hospital resuscitation, hospital wards, intensive care units, emergency departments, operating theatres). Simple formulas to dilute drugs and set infusion rates may be of great help in emergency situations to improve efficiency, speed of administration, and limit mistakes. We propose a simple formula used for decades in our institution that rapidly allow to dilute and set infusion rates of commonly administered inotropes and vasopressors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and dobutamine) by simply multiplying patient’s weight by 6. We believe that our formula will be of great help to any healthcare professionals in these fields of expertise.

Keywords

Inotropes; Vasopressors; Catecholamines; Shock; Hemodynamic management; Medical emergency

Cite and Share

Alessandro Belletti, Chiara Mariotti, Yuki Kotani, Angelo Nascimbene, Ashish K. Khanna. A simplified formula for rapid dilution of catecholamines in initial emergency and critical care resuscitation. Signa Vitae. 2026. doi: 10.22514/sv.2026.026

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